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HAL Kiran
The HAL HJT-16 Kiran (''Ray of Light'') is an Indian two-seat intermediate jet trainer built by Hindustan Aeronautics. Used by the Indian Air Force for intermediate training for pilots trained on the HPT-32 Deepak. It is used by the Indian naval aerobatic team Sagar Pawan and was also used by the Indian Air Force aerobatic team Surya Kiran until February 2011, when the team was disbanded after its Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)-built Surya Kiran HJT-16 Mk I and Mk II aircraft were diverted to train fighter pilots. The Defence Ministry is expected to place an order for 20 Hawk Mk132 aircraft with HAL in late 2015 to give the Surya Kiran dedicated aircraft.
==Development==
The Kiran was designed to meet an Indian air force requirement for an intermediate jet trainer. The first aircraft powered by the Rolls Royce Viper Mk 11 was flown for the first time on 4 September 1964.〔Taylor 1982, p.92.〕 The production aircraft was designated the Kiran I, and first pre-production deliveries were made to the Indian Air Force in March 1968. Later production aircraft were fitted with hardpoints under each wing for weapon training and redesignated as the Kiran IA. A total of 190 Mk I and 1A aircraft were built.〔 An uprated version powered by a thrust Bristol Siddeley Orpheus engine and enhanced weapon-carrying capability was designated the Kiran II, which first flew on 30 July 1976,〔Taylor 1988, p.98.〕 and deliveries commenced in 1985 with 61 delivered by the time production ended in 1989.〔Donald and Lake 1996, p.201.〕 During this period a pilot was killed during landing—the investigation found that the aircraft was fitted with 'expired' wheels from Dunlop whose shelf life was normally limited to 20 years.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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